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articles:kosta [2011/04/30 09:56]
kosta [5.Conclusion]
articles:kosta [2011/05/10 10:00] (current)
Salameh Abu Rmeileh
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 =====1. Introduction ===== =====1. Introduction =====
  
 +Web 2.0 refers as the technology that provides participatory information sharing interoperability,​ and collaboration through the Web. A very important difference with previous technologies is that participants here have an active involvement in the formation and evolution of the web content using appropriate Web 2.0 tools and technologies. Web 2.0 tools include wikis, [[Articles:​Salameh|blogs]],​ instant messaging, bookmarks and folksonomies,​ as well as podcasts and vodcasts (Saeed & Yang, 2008). ​
  
-Web 2.0 refers ​as the technology that provides participatory information sharing interoperability, and collaboration through the WebA very important difference with previous technologies is that participants ​here have an active involvement ​in the formation ​and evolution ​of the web content ​using appropriate Web 2.0 tools and technologies. Web 2.0 tools include ​wikis, ​blogsinstant messagingbookmarks ​and folksonomiesas well as podcasts ​and vodcasts (Saeed & Yang2008)+Wikis were first introduced by Ward Cunningham  ​as a platform for exchanging knowledge between software developers (Aguiaret al., 2009). Wikis are web-based tools that contain collections of web pages that users are allowed to edit or even create ​and initializeThese tools have meet a tremendous growth due to the fact that here users are not just static viewers, but they participate in this process by offering their individual knowledge about a general or a specific topic. Some other factors that contributed ​in the expansion of wiki-like tools include the simple wiki-syntax supported by a plethora of easy-to-use ​ editors that simplify the process of creating ​and editing wiki content, as well as the fact that (in most of the cases) there is no restriction in who is allowed to change the content ​of a wiki pagePeople use wikis in collaborative projectsin collaborative writing ​in course assignmentin  open source software development,​ in organizational environments for processing ​and managing information,​ in knowledge base projects, and generallyin every online activity that requires collaborative and cooperative involvement. 
 +  
 +                                      {{ :​articles:​ticy_wikispaces_com.jpg |}} 
 +<​html><​center><​sup>​Figure 1: Collaborating Through Wikis</​sup></​center></​html>​ 
 + ===== 2.What Wikis Are =====
  
-Wikis were first introduced by Ward Cunningham ​ as a platform for exchanging knowledge between software developers (Aguiar, et al., 2009). Wikis are web-based tools that contain collections of web pages that users are allowed to edit or even create and initialize. These tools have meet a tremendous growth due to the fact that here users are not just static viewers, but they participate in this process by offering their individual knowledge about a general or a specific topic. Some other factors that contributed in the expansion of wiki-like tools include the simple wiki-syntax supported by a plethora of easy-to-use ​ editors that simplify the process of creating and editing wiki content, as well as the fact that (in most of the cases) there is no restriction in who is allowed to change the content of a wiki page. People use wikis in collaborative projects, in collaborative writing , in course assignment, in  open source software development,​ in organizational environments for processing and managing information,​ in knowledge base projects, and generally, in every online activity that requires collaborative and cooperative involvement. ​ 
  
- ===== 2.What Wikis Are =====+Wiki is a short form for WikiWikiWeb and is derived from the Hawaiian expression “wiki wiki” meaning “fast” ​ or “quick” (Schaffert, 2008). Ward Cunningham used the word wiki to name the collaborative tool he developed for use on the Internet in 1994. Leuf and Cunningham (2001) defined wiki as a freely expandable collection of interlinked Web pages. Another definition from O’Neill (2005) consider wikis as a collaborative medium designed to promote content sharing. Wikis allow collaborative editing of their pages as well as a full content versioning history that allow someone to roll back and find a previous version of the editing page (Ruth & Houghton, 2009). This kind of software provides an easy-to-use ​ collaborative environment with simple and uniform navigational conventions (Grace, 2009). The Web pages created using this kind of software provide bottom up editing . The fact that the user can edit this pages using just a browser make wiki-environments the perfect tool for online synchronous and asynchronous collaboration. Wikis can also implemented to facilitate computer supported collaboration learning (CSCL), which promotes peer interaction and facilitates the sharing ​ and distribution of knowledge and expertise among a group of learners (Augar, et al., 2004). The expertise is not in the hands of a few, but rather emerges from the combined efforts of many. The following table includes the basic characteristics of the wikis. ​
  
- +^ Basic Features ​                             ^Description ^ 
-Wiki is a short form for WikiWikiWeb and is derived from the Hawaiian expression “wiki wiki” meaning “fast” ​ or “quick” (Schaffert, 2008). Ward Cunningham used the word wiki to name the collaborative tool he developed for use on the Internet in 1994. Leuf and Cunningham (2001) defined wiki as a freely expandable collection of interlinked Web pages. Another definition from O’Neill (2005) consider wikis as a collaborative medium designed to promote content sharing. Wikis allow collaborative editing of their pages as well as a full content versioning history that allow someone to roll back and find a previous version of the editing page (Ruth & Houghton, 2009). This kind of software provides an easy-to-use ​ collaborative environment with simple and uniform navigational conventions (Grace, 2009). The Web pages created using this kind of software provide bottom up editing . The fact that the user can edit this pages using just a browser make wiki-environments the perfect tool for online synchronous and asynchronous collaboration. Wikis can also implemented to facilitate computer supported collaboration learning (CSCL), which promotes peer interaction and facilitates the sharing ​ and distribution of knowledge and expertise among a group of learners (Augar, et al., 2004). The expertise is not in the hands of a few, but rather emerges from the combined efforts of many. The basic characteristics of wikis include:  +|Easy Editing|Most wikis use a version of a wiki-syntax that helps users to format the wiki-content. Users are not required to know HTML or a scripting ​ language. Instead, to change the wiki-content,​ users can use a set of basic mark up or syntax rules. In some cases, users are provided an editing toolbars that simplifies the editing process. 
-  +|History|Wikis offer the possibility to roll back changes that were made to wiki pages by storing all previous versions of the content. As such, this functionality makes it possible to revert to a previous status or examine the stages of the wiki content (Clerck, et al., 2010). 
-  * Easy Editing ​– Most wikis use a version of a wiki-syntax that helps users to format the wiki-content. Users are not required to know HTML or a scripting ​ language. Instead, to change the wiki-content,​ users can use a set of basic mark up or syntax rules. In some cases, users are provided an editing toolbars that simplifies the editing process. +|Search Functionality|Content in wikis is typically accessed through information retrieval based on keywords search or by navigating through a list of page names (Witte & Gitzinger, 2007).| 
-  ​* ​History ​– Wikis offer the possibility to roll back changes that were made to wiki pages by storing all previous versions of the content. As such, this functionality makes it possible to revert to a previous status or examine the stages of the wiki content (Clerck, et al., 2010). +|Page Connection|Due to the article-centric wiki nature, node based hyperlinks is the typical access pattern of choice for these systems (Reinhold, 2006). Users can identify a link to a different case by including the selecting text inside square brackets , using the camel case syntax, or by using the toolbar of the WYSWYG ​ environment (if applicable).|                   
-  ​* ​Search Functionality ​– Content in wikis is typically accessed through information retrieval based on keywords search or by navigating through a list of page names (Witte & Gitzinger, 2007). +
-  ​* ​Page Connection ​– Due to the article-centric wiki nature, node based hyperlinks is the typical access pattern of choice for these systems (Reinhold, 2006). Users can identify a link to a different case by including the selecting text inside square brackets , using the camel case syntax, or by using the toolbar of the WYSWYG ​ environment (if applicable).+
 =====3.Types of Wikis===== =====3.Types of Wikis=====
 Nowadays, ​ there is a plethora of available wiki tools in almost every major scripting and programming language including Java, PhP, Perl, C#, etc. Apart from the programming language that a wiki application has been built, wikis can be mainly classified according to their type including: personal wikis, semantic wikis, and structured wikis. Nowadays, ​ there is a plethora of available wiki tools in almost every major scripting and programming language including Java, PhP, Perl, C#, etc. Apart from the programming language that a wiki application has been built, wikis can be mainly classified according to their type including: personal wikis, semantic wikis, and structured wikis.
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 In the case of Ebay, the company was planning to adopt  a tool to manage ​ the comments and messages derived by  customers. In the end, company adopted and implemented ​ JotSpot wiki technology. The derived wiki system allow all registered members to contribute and edit eBay’s ​ wiki content. In the case of Ebay, the company was planning to adopt  a tool to manage ​ the comments and messages derived by  customers. In the end, company adopted and implemented ​ JotSpot wiki technology. The derived wiki system allow all registered members to contribute and edit eBay’s ​ wiki content.
 Finally, ​ Ingenta developed a wiki  as an adequate content/​knowledge sharing infrastructure for internal exchange of information. ​ Finally, ​ Ingenta developed a wiki  as an adequate content/​knowledge sharing infrastructure for internal exchange of information. ​
-=====5.Conclusion=====+=====5.Discussion and Conclusions=====
 Motivated by the expansion of wiki-like tools in almost every activity that requires online collaboration and cooperation,​ this article revealed the basic features of the wiki-based applications and presented some of the implementations of this software in different environments. ​ Motivated by the expansion of wiki-like tools in almost every activity that requires online collaboration and cooperation,​ this article revealed the basic features of the wiki-based applications and presented some of the implementations of this software in different environments. ​
 Wikis enhance the collaboration and cooperation among the team members by providing a user-friendly environment with sophisticated capabilities for creating, structuring,​ classifying,​ and retrieving sharing information.Some of those important features that make wik a unique collaborative tool include: Wikis enhance the collaboration and cooperation among the team members by providing a user-friendly environment with sophisticated capabilities for creating, structuring,​ classifying,​ and retrieving sharing information.Some of those important features that make wik a unique collaborative tool include:
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 Wikis can be used for different purposes such as online dictionaries,​ as process and content management systems, as educational platforms, etc. Wikis have also helped online communities leverage a vast amount of  collaboratively contributed content (Roth, et al., 2008). Famous examples include large open source software development projects such as Mozilla Firefox, Linux operating system, and encyclopedias such as WikiPedia. The last example embodies the true essence of the “Wisdom of the Crowd” (Kimmerly, et al., 2009) which is the accumulation of the individual knowledge brought together and made publicly available by democratic community of users who work unselfishly and in a voluntary basis. Wikis can be used for different purposes such as online dictionaries,​ as process and content management systems, as educational platforms, etc. Wikis have also helped online communities leverage a vast amount of  collaboratively contributed content (Roth, et al., 2008). Famous examples include large open source software development projects such as Mozilla Firefox, Linux operating system, and encyclopedias such as WikiPedia. The last example embodies the true essence of the “Wisdom of the Crowd” (Kimmerly, et al., 2009) which is the accumulation of the individual knowledge brought together and made publicly available by democratic community of users who work unselfishly and in a voluntary basis.
  
-As Web 2.0 based technologies are becoming more and more popular among young people, a very interesting aspect ​ that should be examined and studied is in which extend have wikis been incorporated and adopted in the pedagogical process in Secondary Schools.+Last but not least, as Web 2.0 based technologies are becoming more and more popular among young people, a very interesting aspect ​ that should be examined and studied is in which extend have wikis been incorporated and adopted in the pedagogical process in Secondary Schools.
 =====References===== =====References=====
 Aguiar, A.Dekel, U. Merson, P.,  2005. Wikis4SE'​2009:​ Wikis for Software Aguiar, A.Dekel, U. Merson, P.,  2005. Wikis4SE'​2009:​ Wikis for Software
 
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